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心脏的自主神经支配极其丰富。心脏自主神经系统主要由外源性和内源性自主神经系统构成。外源性心脏自主神经系统包括连接神经系统和心脏的神经纤维;而内源性自主神经系统主要由心脏内及大血管附近的神经丛及神经纤维组成。二者均包含交感和副交感成份。大约半个多世纪的实验研究表明
心脏自主神经系统在心律失常的发生发展中扮演重要角色。并且
近些年的大量研究及临床结果也显示
神经调节治疗
无论是神经消融
还是神经刺激
均可以有效地控制多种心律失常。绝大多数关于心脏自主神经的研究是应用离体
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