The conventional 12-lead electrocardiogram plays an essential role in clinical diagnosis
yet its fixed lead configuration restricts the ability to observe cardiac electrical activity from diverse and comprehensive viewpoints. This article presents a systematic overview of an emerging technology known as
Electrocardio Panorama
outlining its conceptual foundation
technical framework and potential for clinical translation. The central idea is to use artificial intelligence generative models to reconstruct the vector field of cardiac electrical activity from a limited set of physical leads and to synthesize high-fidelity electrocardiograms from any virtual viewpoint. Using left and right bundle branch block as examples
we performed a preliminary evaluation of this approach. Signals synthesize
d for leads V
1
and V
6
from leads Ⅰ
Ⅱ and V
5
reproduced key diagnostic characteristics with high fidelity
such as the broad QS complex typical of left bundle branch block and the “rabbit-ear” pattern associated with right bundle branch block. In the additional non-standard virtual viewpoints generated
disease-specific waveforms remained consistently identifiable. These findings demonstrate that this technique transcends the physical constraints of traditional lead systems and enables panoramic
dynamic visualization of cardiac electrical activity.
关键词
Keywords
references
HOLTER N J . New method for heart studies [J ] . Noninvasive Electrocardiol , 1998 , 3 ( 4 ): 381 - 387 .
VAN GORSELEN E O F , VERHEUGT F W A , MEURSING B T J , et al . Posterior myocardial infarction: the dark side of the moon [J ] . Neth Heart J , 2007 , 15 ( 1 ): 16 - 21 .
DREW B J , CALIFF R M , FUNK M , et al . Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings: an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing,Clinical Cardiology,and Cardiovascular Disease in the Young: endorsed by the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses [J ] . Circulation , 2004 , 110 ( 17 ): 2721 - 2746 .
CHEN J , ZHENG X , YU H , et al . Electrocardio Panorama: Synthesizing New ECG Views with Self-supervision [J ] . In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2021 Aug.arXiv preprint arXiv: 2105. 06293
Mildenhall B , Srinivasan PP , Tancik M , Barron JT , Ramamoorthi R , Ng R . Nerf: Representing scenes as neural radiance fields for view synthesis [J ] . Communications of the ACM , 2021 , 65 ( 1 ): 99 - 106 .
GRANT R P . Spatial vector electrocardiography;a method for calculating the spatial electrical vectors of the heart from conventional leads [J ] . Circulation , 1950 , 2 ( 5 ): 676 - 695 ..
ZEHUI ZHAN , YAOJUN HU , JIAJING ZHAN , et al . NEF-NET+: Adapting Electrocardio panorama in the wild [J ] . arXiv preprint arXiv: 2511. 02880 . 2025 .