心肌病是一组异质性较强的心肌疾病,儿童心肌病的常见类型包括扩张型心肌病(dilated cardiomyopathy
DCM)、肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
HCM)、限制型心肌病(restrictive cardiomyopathy
RCM)、左心室心肌致密化不全(left ventricular noncompaction
LVNC)及致心律失常性右室心肌病(arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
ARVC)等;同时,代谢性心肌病、线粒体心肌病等罕见类型亦不少见
[1]
。心电图作为一种便捷、非侵入性且经济的检查手段,在心肌病的早期筛查、类型识别和病情评估中具有重要价值。中华医学会儿科学分会心血管学组儿童心肌病精准诊治协作组的多中心调查资料显示,住院心肌病患儿心电图异常的发生率高达63.1%,以ST-T改变居多,其次为心律失常、QT间期延长、PR间期延长和异常Q波,心律失常类型以期前收缩最多,其次为心动过速,其他包括传导阻滞和预激综合征
[2]
。
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